Bridges+Notes

= **Bridges ** = =  =

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Bridges are structures built over a river, railroad track, road, or some other obstacle. They allow people or vehicles to make crossing areas easier in travel. ======

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Bridges must be built strong enough to safely support their own weight as well as the weight of the people and vehicles that pass over it. The bridge must also withstand natural occurrences that include weathering, earthquakes, strong winds, and freezing and thawing. ======

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**Types of bridges: ** ====== The difference between the three **Types of bridges** is the distances they can cross in a single **span **. A span is the distance between two bridge supports, whether they are columns, towers or the wall of a canyon.
 * ======The Beam Bridge ======
 * ======The Arch Bridge ======
 * The Suspension Bridge

What allows an arch bridge to span greater is two important forces called **compression ** and **tension **:


 * **Compression **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> is a force that acts to compress or shorten the thing it is acting on.
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tension **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> is a force that acts to expand or lengthen the thing it is acting on.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> =<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 24pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;">Beam Bridges = <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; text-align: justify;">A beam bridge is basically a rigid horizontal structure that is resting on two piers, one at each end. The weight of the bridge and any traffic on it is directly supported by the piers. The weight is traveling directly downward.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">

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<span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 24pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;">The Suspension Bridge ** ====== = =

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<span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin: 24pt 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify;">﻿ <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">A suspension bridge is one where cables (or ropes or chains) are strung across the river (or whatever the obstacle happens to be) and the deck is suspended from these cables. Modern suspension bridges have two tall towers through which the cables are strung. Thus, the towers are supporting the majority of the roadway's weight. ** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> ﻿ **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A classic suspension bridge in New York City ** **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">﻿ ** ======

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<span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">**<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">Types of Suspension Bridges ** ======

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<span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 36pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">Suspension bridges come in two different designs: the <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">suspension bridge, recognized by the elongated 'M' shape, and the less-common <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">cable-stayed design, which has more of an 'A' shapee. ======

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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">An arch bridge is a semicircular structure with abutments on each end. The design of the arch, the semicircle, naturally diverts the weight from the bridge deck to the abutments. ======

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> =T<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">he Famous Bridges In The World = <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1. . Magdeburg Water Bridge (Germany): Europe’s Largest Water Bridge <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> 02. Ponte Vecchio (Italy): Oldest and Most Famous of its Kind

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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">03. Henderson Waves (Singapore): Most Beautiful Pedestrian Bridge

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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">04. Tower Bridge (UK): The Famous and Beautiful Victorian Bridge

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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">05. Banpo Bridge (South Korea): The Fountain Bridge



<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">06. Wind and Rain Bridge (China): Dong people’s bridge



<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">07. Oliveira Bridge: World’s First X-shaped Cable-Stayed Bridge with two crossed lanes



<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">08. Millau Bridge (France): World’s Tallest Vehicular Bridge



<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">09. Hangzhou Bay Bridge (China): World’s Longest Trans-Oceanic Bridge

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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">10. Rolling Bridge (UK): The Bridge that Curls Up on Itself

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